{"id":17038,"date":"2024-03-17T22:15:22","date_gmt":"2024-03-17T22:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dudoanlobachthu.com\/?p=17038"},"modified":"2024-03-17T22:15:22","modified_gmt":"2024-03-17T22:15:22","slug":"du-doan-ket-qua-xo-theo-phuong-phap-thong-ke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dudoanlobachthu.com\/du-doan-ket-qua-xo-theo-phuong-phap-thong-ke\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea"},"content":{"rendered":"
Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1<\/strong> khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch soi c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cao nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1<\/strong> theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00ean t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n sai l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3, anh em n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1edbi anh em ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1<\/strong> theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/p>\n X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang 1 con l\u00f4 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 cao. B\u1edfi m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n quay s\u1ebd cho ra 27 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 100 con s\u1ed1. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1<\/strong> cho 1 con s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c l\u1edbn. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau: M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n quay s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, 2 s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u00fang 1 con duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 100 c\u1eb7p s\u1ed1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 00 – 99 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f3. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0 1\/100. V\u1eady x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1%. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec may m\u1eafn. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3 2 con s\u1ed1. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang 1 trong 2 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang con n\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2. Suy ra c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 2 con + x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 1 con V\u1eady x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2 l\u00e0: 5,8%<\/strong><\/p>\n C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2. Ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3 nh\u01b0 sau: V\u1eady x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3 l\u00e0: 1,473%<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1<\/strong> theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1eadp ch\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch soi c\u1ea7u<\/strong> kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1t s\u1ed1.<\/p>\nD\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/h2>\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang 1 con l\u00f4<\/h3>\n
\nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: 1 \u2013 0,99^27 = 23,7657%
\nTrong \u0111\u00f3 0,99^27 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 27 con.<\/p>\nT\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang 1 con \u0111\u1ec1<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2<\/a><\/h3>\n
\nTa c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai con l\u00e0: 0,98^27 = 57,957%.
\nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 1 con: 2 * x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang 1 l\u00f4 * x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang l\u00f4
\nHay: 2 * 23,7657% * 0,99^27 = 36,238%.<\/p>\n
\nThay s\u1ed1 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: 57,957% + 36,238% = 94,195%.
\nT\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2: 100% \u2013 X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang
\nThay s\u1ed1 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: 00 \u2013 94,195% = 5,8%<\/p>\nC\u00e1ch t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3<\/a><\/h3>\n
\nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 3 con + x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 1 con + x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 2 con
\nThay s\u1ed1: 0,97^27 + 3 * 23,7675% * 0,98^27 + 3 * 5,8% * 0,99^27 = 98,527%
\nT\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3 = 100% \u2013 98,527% = 1,473%.<\/p>\nK\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n
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